image understanding
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Appendix 1 Back imagination and Back speech
Figure 1: The illustrative examples for two proposed techniques: Back-imagination and Back-speech. Tiny ImageNet [Le and Y ang, 2015] serves as a compact version of the comprehensive ImageNet dataset. The Stanford Sentiment Treebank-2 (SST -2) [Socher et al., 2013] is a sentiment classification dataset Given the scarcity of datasets for understanding natural language in visual scenes, we introduce a novel textual entailment dataset, named Textual Natural Contextual Classification (TNCC). This dataset is formulated on the foundation of Crisscrossed Captions [Parekh et al., 2020], an image In this work, we employ a uniform experimental configuration for both textual entailment and sentiment classification tasks. For the image classification task, we employ the ResNet18 [He et al., 2015] model, which is considered more suitable for small datasets.
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Energy Consumption Analysis Details
The spike firing rate is defined as the proportion of non-zero elements in the spike tensor. In Table S1, we present the spike firing rates for all spiking tensors in spike-driven Transformer-8-512. SNNs are theoretically more energy efficient than counterpart ANNs. We employ two types of datasets: static image classification and neuromorphic classification. ImageNet-1K is the most typical static image dataset, which is widely used in the field of image classification.